Qutubuddin Aibak
Delhi’s history begins with the onset of the Delhi Sultanate in the 12th century. The Delhi Sultanate lasted in India from 1206 to 1526 AD. This period saw the Muslim invasions into India. These invasions resulted in the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate with Delhi as their Capital.
THE MAMLUK DYNASTY (1206 – 1290AD)
Qutubuddin Aibak( 1206-1210 AD) : The tarikhnama of King Qutubuddin Aibak will show that he was born in the famous town Aibak, Samangan province of Afghanistan on 1150 AD. He was the son of Malik Aghalbak ibn Malik Abatak.He was educated in Sangan Darsgah under the tutelage of his maternal uncle Imam Fakharuddin ibn Abdul Aziz. King Qutub was trained in the art of war by his famous paternal uncles Albak and Malbak sons of Malik Abatak. The two Malikzada had served the Ghori Army during 1164-65 AD and were responsible to repulse the attack of raiders on Ghore state by Sultan Balkh, Sultan Bayan and Sultan Hirat, as author Minhaj Siraj writes in his Tabaqat Nasiri. King Qutub had started his career as Army officer under King Shahabuddin Muhammad Ghori, during his 26 expeditions in the subcontinent.These expeditions were spread over a period of 30 years(1175AD-1206 AD). Qutubuddin Aibak has remained Viceroy of King Shahab from 1192-93 AD to administer the subcontinent on behalf of Ghazni kingdom under the supervision of King Shahab. When King Shahab died in 1206 AD ,the Pakhtun Jirga decided to separate Ghazni from the subcontinent and declared the newly built town of Delhi as capital . Author Shrivasta writes in his book( the life and times of Malik Qutubuddin Aibak) who was born in his Pakhtun tribe and town of Aibak was elected and installed as king of Delhi(1206 AD).He had introduced rules and regulation through his famous Farmans, as is recorded( Perso-Arabic Sources Of Information On Delhi Sultanate) for the administration of Central and Provicial Governments.His advisors and ministers mere mainly drawn from Ghazni and Ghore. He was an eloquent speaker and hafiz Quraan,a handsome, 6 feet high, a polo athlete. He died during polo game. His Kingdom had last for four years only.KUTUBUDDIN AIBAK - THE SLAVE SULTAN:
After the second battle of Tarain, Aibak was appointed viceroy of the conquered provinces of Ghori in India. As a commander Aibak achieved the victory against Ajmer revolt in 1192 A.D. Later on he achieved fort of Hansi, defeated the Tomar ruler and occupied Delhi in 1193 A.D. he achieved victory against Meerul and Bulandshahar In 1194 A.D. Aibak helped Ghori to conquered kanauj. He defeated Jaichand, ruler of Kanauj.He attacked Anhilwara and sacked the kingdom of Bhimdeo. In 1202 A.D attacked the pride of the Chandella dynasty and seized the Kalinjar fort, Bundelkhand during the reign of Parmardi. Scholars posit that about 50,000 Hindus were made slaves. Many temples ware broken and Hindus were forcibly converted to Islam. Aibak also gained victory in his expeditions against Mahoba, Kalpi and Badaun.
When he was busy in attaining victories in southern and western campaigns, his able commander Ikhtiyaruddin Muhammad- bin-Bakhtiyar Khalji penetrated into Bihar and Bengal and achieved success. The credit of these victories achieved in the reign of Ghori goes to Aibak, therefore, after the death of Ghori in 1206 a.d., he could become Sultan in India without much opposition.
Aibak ruled only for four years (1206-10 A.D) as an independent Sultan. In 1210 A.D. while playing Chaugan, (Horse Polo) he fell down from his horse and received serious head injury that ultimately resulted in his death. He was buried at Lahore.
Sources:
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