Jauna Khan succeeded his father in 1325 A.D. with the title of Muhammad bin Tughlaq. He began his career with the expedition of Khurasan. Ultimately the project was abandoned as an unrealistic scheme and the army was disbanded. It led to a tremendous financial loss to the state exchequer. He did not take into account the geographical and transportation difficulties.

His first administrative measure was to enhance land tax in the doab that led to wide spread discontent as it was introduced at a time when the entire region was in the grip of a severe famine due to failure of rains. The Sultan raised the tax from five to ten percent. Therefore the peasants instead of paying the taxes abandoned their lands and adopted highway robbery. The tax collectors continued to collect taxes by oppression. It resulted in extensive revolts. The Sultan suppressed the revolts severely.

The next venture of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq was the shifting of the capital to Devagiri that was renamed Daulatabad. In 1326-27 he involved almost a wholesale transfer of the population. Muhammad wanted to locate his capital in the central part of the empire and he also wanted to make it safe from the Mongol invasions. Every care was taken to provide a comfortable travel to the people to the new capital.

But when some of the people resisted to the transfer, the Sultan ordered everyone to shift as a punitive measure without realizing the sufferings carved due to this complete evacuation. Soon the Sultan discovered the unsuitability of the new capital. He ordered back the people to shift back to Delhi once more. Daulatabad was abandoned largely because he soon found that he could not control north India from Daulatabad. The order of going back to the old capital caused much distress to the people.

Another of his novel and daring experiment was the introduction of the token currency of bronze coins in 1329-30 AD. He was inspired by a similar system prevailing in Iran and China.The Sultan made these token coins legal tenders and kept their value at par with the gold and silver coins. Now the Sultan issued tanka (rupee) of a silver and copper coins. People soon began to manufacture counter¬feits of bronze in large numbers.

As a result bad money drove out good money. Trade came to a standstill and business was paralyzed. Finally Muhammed Tughlaq decided to withdraw the token currency. The Sultan readily gave gold and silver coins in exchange for bronze coins. The loss to the exchequer was immense. As a result the treasury that he wanted to fill was completely empty.

Muhammad Tughlaq carried out many measures for improvement of the administration of revenue. One of these was the preparation of a register in which income and expenditure of all provinces were recorded. All provincial governors were asked to submit the reports of income and expenditure to the centre. Tughlaq established a separate department of agriculture called Diwan-i- Kohi. A special scheme was extended to improve cultivation in the doab. In 1333-34 A.D., loans were provided to peasants.

However the scheme failed miserably because the men chosen for the purpose proved to be inexperienced and dishonest. He laid the foundation for the construction of Jahan Panah, the fourth city of Delhi.

Begining with an uprising in Malabar, the eastern coast of the extreme south peninsula in 1335 whereby Ahsan Shah, the governor, founded the Sultanate of Madurai, the sultan faced as many as 16 rebellions till his death in 1351. In 1336, Harihara Bukka laid the foundation of Vijayanagar kingdom. In 1341, Fakhruddin became independent in Bengal.

The revolt of Amiran-i-sada (the foreign nobles in the imperial service in Malwa, Gujarat) sealed the fate of the sultanate in the south. Hasan Gangu, the most accomplished leader of the rebels, established the Bahmani kingdom in 1347. On his way to Thatta in Sind to punish Taghi, the rebel, Muhammad bin Tughluq died on March 20, 1351. Badauni observed: “And so the king was freed from his people and they from the king.”

Some wrong policies of Muhammad bin Tughluq

Policy	Reason	Why Failed
Transfer of Capital from Delhi to Daulatabad	Daulatabad was located in the centre of his kingdom. He thought it would help him to control the whole kingdom from there. It was safe from the attacks of Mongals. It was easy to control the southern part of his kingdom.	He forced the people of delhi to leave with him. After some years he changed his mind and retransfer his capital from daulatabad to delhi. Many people died in this transfer process.
Changing of Silver coins into Bronze Coins	At that time there was a depletion of silver. It costs less to make bronze coins.	New coins were easy to forge. He didn't took any steps to stop forging of coins.
Increment of tax in Doab	To increase the profit of government. Doab was a rich area form other places in agriculture.	collected the increased tax when the production of corn were not good.

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Sources :
http://www.historydiscussion.net/politics/foundations-of-tughlaq-dynasty-in-india-history-of-india/591
http://www.factsninfo.com/feeds/posts/default